• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to the use of volatile fatty acid esters with a chain length of between 3 and 8 carbon atoms in petrol for petrol engines to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides, of hydrocarbons. unburned and particulate from petrol engines.
    公开号:FR3084373A1
    申请号:FR1870872
    申请日:2018-07-27
    公开日:2020-01-31
    发明作者:Jean-Yves DUPRE；Jean-Louis Revel
    申请人:Biothink；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Description
    Title of the invention: Use of particular volatile fatty esters in petrol engines to reduce emissions The present invention relates to improving the quality of petrol, in particular to reducing oxide emissions nitrogen, unburned hydrocarbons and particulate matter from gasoline engines.
    Gasoline engines are now preferred over Diesel engines because they emit less harmful substances. They are intended to be used by a very large majority. However, they still emit nitrogen oxides, unburned hydrocarbons and particles which are dangerous for the environment and for human and animal health.
    Currently, no satisfactory solution is proposed which makes it possible to reduce all of these emissions by petrol engines.
    The objective of the invention is to find a product which can be used on an industrial scale, capable of reducing both the emissions of nitrogen oxides, unburned hydrocarbons and particles from petrol engines.
    To respond to this the present invention proposes to use specific esters.
    Esters have already been used in fossil fuels. In particular, the esters of vegetable oils or animal fats have been mixed with diesel. These esters are so-called “long” (16 to 20 carbon atoms) or “medium” (8 to 16 carbon atoms) esters.
    However, these esters do not meet the objective of the invention because they can not be used in admixture with petrol due to insufficient volatility. In addition, no ester has been used so far in admixture with gasoline to significantly reduce emissions.
    However, according to the invention, surprisingly, the use of one or more esters of short volatile fatty acids with chain lengths between 3 and 8 carbon atoms in gasoline reduces the emissions of nitrogen oxides, unburnt hydrocarbons and particulate matter from petrol engines. In addition, advantageously, the use according to the invention simultaneously makes it possible to increase the octane number of the gasoline.
    Other characteristics and advantages will emerge from the description of the invention in details which follows.
    Definitions By “volatile fatty acid” within the meaning of the invention is meant a linear organic fatty acid of one to six carbon atoms: formic, acetic, propionic, butyric, valeric and caproic acids and their isomers.
    By “short volatile fatty acid ester” or “short ester” within the meaning of the invention is meant an ester formed by the reaction of a volatile fatty acid on an alcohol such that the chain length of carbon of this ester is between 3 and 8 carbon atoms.
    By "gasoline octane number" within the meaning of the invention generally means either the Ron octane number or the Mon octane number.
    By "research octane number" of gasoline or "Ron number" within the meaning of the invention means an index measured according to the method NF EN ISO 5164: 2005.
    By "engine octane number" of petrol or "Mon number" within the meaning of the invention is meant an index is measured according to the method NF EN ISO 5163: 2005.
    By “incorporation of a compound at the rate of x% by volume in gasoline” (in particular by “incorporation of esters at the rate of x% by volume in gasoline) within the meaning of the invention, means the constitution by any appropriate means of a mixture by adding a volume of x% of the compound (for example of esters) and a volume of lx% of gasoline, the latter itself being able to comprise d '' other additives.
    By "use of a compound at the rate of x% by volume of gasoline" (in particular by "use of esters at the rate of x% by volume of gasoline) within the meaning of the invention we means the use in a motor of a mixture of the compound (for example of esters) and of petrol obtained by incorporation at the rate of x% by volume in petrol.
    By "unburned hydrocarbons" within the meaning of the invention means components comprising exclusively carbon and hydrogen atoms emitted by an engine. The unburnt hydrocarbons include methane CH 4 and the other unburned hydrocarbons also called “non-methane hydrocarbons”.
    Detailed description of the invention The subject of the invention is therefore the use of at least one volatile fatty acid ester with a chain length of between 3 and 8 carbon atoms in gasoline for petrol to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxide and unburned hydrocarbons and preferably also to reduce particles from petrol engines.
    Preferably the volatile fatty acid ester (s) of chain lengths between 3 and 8 carbon atoms are used at the rate of at least 15% by volume of the gasoline, even more preferably at the rate of at least minus 30%, and according to an embodiment particularly suited to the rate of at least 50%. These ratios allow particularly effective results to be obtained in terms of reducing emissions of nitrogen oxides, unburned hydrocarbons and particles from petrol engines.
    Or the esters of short volatile fatty acids useful according to the invention can be chosen from the following esters: methyl acetate, methyl proprionate, methyl butyrate, methyl valerate, methyl hexanoate, ethyl acetate, ethyl proprionate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl valerate, ethyl hexanoate, propyl acetate, propyl propionate, propyl butyrate, propyl valerate, butyl acetate, butyl propionate, butyl butyrate, and mixtures thereof.
    Or the esters useful according to the invention are preferably obtained in whole or in part from biomass (volatile fatty acids of biomass origin and / or alcohols of biomass origin) according to any suitable process. They can in particular be obtained by fermentation of biomass (anaerobic fermentation for short volatile fatty acids and alcoholic or aceto-butanolic fermentation for alcohols).
    Esters of volatile fatty acids with chain lengths between 3 and 8 carbon atoms in petrol for petrol engines allow in particular and can be used so as to:
    - reduce the emission of nitrogen oxides by petrol engines by at least 20% of the rate of incorporation of the ester in petrol, for example a reduction of at least 10% for 50% d 'esters incorporated into petrol (the emission of nitrogen oxides can in particular be measured according to a method meeting the requirements of the European Euro 6 regulation, that is to say Regulation 459/2012 of May 29, 2012); and or
    - reduce the emission of unburned hydrocarbons by petrol engines by at least 20% of the rate of incorporation of the ester into petrol, for example a reduction of at least 10% for 50% of esters incorporated in petrol (the emission of unburnt hydrocarbons can in particular be measured according to a method that meets the requirements of the European Euro 6 regulation, ie regulation 459/2012 of May 29, 2012); and or
    - reduce the emission of particles in mass and number per kilometer traveled by petrol engines by at least 25% of the rate of incorporation of the ester in petrol, for example a reduction of at least 12, 5% for 50% of esters incorporated into petrol (the emission of particles in mass and in number per kilometer traveled by petrol engines can in particular be measured according to a method meeting the requirements of the European regulation Euro 6 c is to say the regulation 459/2012 of May 29, 2012).
    Advantageously, the use according to the invention can also allow, in addition to the uses mentioned above:
    - - to increase the “research” octane number of petrol by at least 2 points, preferably by at least 3 points; and or
    - - to increase the “engine” octane number of the petrol by at least 2 points, preferably by at least 3 points.
    These uses are very advantageous and allow to obtain a gasoline which has a negative impact on the environment greatly reduced compared to the species currently used.
    In combination with short esters, it is possible to use other gasoline additives, so as to increase the effects of volatile fatty acid esters and to act in synergy. It is in particular possible to add to gasoline, in addition to volatile fatty acid esters, one or more alkanes with chain lengths between 4 and 10 carbon atoms. These alkanes can be of petroleum origin or from biomass. Preferably, the alkanes used according to the invention come from a biomass. These alkanes, in combination with short esters, make it possible to further reduce the emissions of nitrogen oxide and unburned hydrocarbons. These alkanes are preferably chosen from octane, isooctane, decane and their mixtures. Indeed, these alkanes tend to improve the combustion of the mixture.
    Preferably, these alkanes are used at an incorporation rate of between 0 and 50% by volume of the gasoline. Preferably, they are produced from volatile fatty acids by a so-called Kolbe electrolysis.
    In addition to short esters and possible alkanes, it is possible to add in combination one or more other product (s) are added to the gasoline, said products being chosen from:
    additives improving the octane number, such as for example organometallic compounds such as MMT and Ferrocene, or ethers such as ETBE or TAME or aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene,
    additives improving lubrication, such as for example medium esters such as hexyl valerate, hexyl caproate or longer esters,
    - products reducing combustion temperatures, such as, for example, nitrogen compounds such as amines, urea or ammonia, possibly mixed with water,
    - esters with a carbon chain greater than 8,
    - alcohols such as isopropanol, butanol, hexanol or octanol,
    - and their mixtures.
    These additives allow in particular and in combination with the volatile fatty acid esters to further reduce the emissions of nitrogen oxides and unburned hydrocarbons.
    The invention is now illustrated by examples and test results.
    Examples Example 1:
    Use of 15% ethyl butyrate in Ron 95 petrol (85% petrol - 15% ethyl butyrate) Example 2:
    Use of 30% ethyl butyrate in Ron 95 petrol (70% petrol - 30% ethyl butyrate) Example 3
    Use of 30% ethyl butyrate and 10% iso-octane in Ron 95 petrol (60% petrol 30% ethyl butyrate - 10% iso-octane) Example 4:
    Use of 50% ethyl butyrate and 20% iso-octane in Ron 95 petrol (30% petrol 50% ethyl butyrate - 20% iso-octane)
    Test results The objective of the tests carried out is to assess the effect of the use of short chain volatile fatty acid esters in petrol on the emissions of nitrogen oxide, d 'unburned hydrocarbons and particles from petrol engines, and also on the octane number of petrol.
    Emissions tests were carried out on a single-cylinder EP6 spark-ignition engine with the compositions of Examples 1 to 4 in comparison with Ron 95 petrol alone.
    The octane Ron measurements were carried out in the laboratory according to the regulatory standards of the French fuel specifications.
    The operating protocol for the tests is described below:
    engine points per fuel mixture made to cover a representative use of a driving cycle:
    -1500 rpm, 4, 8, 12 bar and max of PMI
    - 2000 rpm, 4, 8, 12 bar and max of PMI
    For each engine point, the ignition advance is optimized to obtain that the PMI (average pressure indicated) is maximum. The richness of the mixture is regulated at 1. A wait of a few minutes is imposed in order to stabilize the engine thermal and the exhaust emissions. The analysis of the particles is made on a PBS PEGASOR probe.
    The results relating to nitrogen oxide emissions are presented in Table 1.
    [Table]
    Average nitrogen oxide emissions (ppm) Percentage decrease bycompared to gasoline Ron 95 Ron 95 4428.5Example 1 4280.8 3.3% Example 2 4138.8 6.5% Example 3 4023.3 9.1% Example 4 3839.7 13.3%
    The results relating to the emissions of unburned hydrocarbons are presented in the Table
    2.
    [Table 2]
    Average emissions of unburnt hydrocarbons (ppm) Percentage decrease bycompared to gasoline Ron 95 Ron 95 3070.2Example 1 2832.8 7.7% Example 2 2779.5 9.5% Example 3 2761.5 10.1% Example 4 2695.7 12.2%
    The results relating to particulate emissions are presented in Table 3.
    [Table 3]
    Particulate emissions (mass in mg / m 3 ) Percentage decrease bycompared to gasoline Ron 95 Ron 95 0.01Example 1 Not detectableExample 2 Not detectableExample 3 Not detectableExample 4 Not detectable
    The results relating to the octane number are presented in Table 4.
    [Table 4]
    Ron octane number Ron 95 95.1 Example 1 98.1
    These results clearly show that the use of volatile fatty acid esters with short chains allows both:
    - reduce nitrogen oxide emissions
    - reduce emissions of unburned hydrocarbons
    - reduce particle emissions.
    It also significantly increases the octane number of gasoline.
    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    claims [Claim 1] Use of at least one chain length volatile fatty acid ester
    between 3 and 8 carbon atoms in gasoline for gasoline engines to reduce emissions of both nitrogen oxides and unburned hydrocarbons from gasoline engines.
    [Claim 2] Use according to claim 1, also for reducing emissions
    particles from petrol engines.
    [Claim 3] Use according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the one or more
    volatile fatty acid esters with chain lengths between 3 and 8 carbon atoms are used at a rate of at least 15% by volume of the gasoline.
    [Claim 4] Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
    that the volatile fatty acid ester (s) of chain lengths between 3 and 8 carbon atoms are used at a rate of at least 30% by volume of the gasoline.
    [Claim 5] Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
    that the volatile fatty acid ester or esters of chain lengths between 3 and 8 carbon atoms are used at a rate of at least 50% by volume of the gasoline.
    [Claim 6] Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ester or esters of volatile fatty acids with chain lengths between 3 and 8 carbon atoms are chosen from the following esters: methyl acetate, methyl proprionate , methyl butyrate, methyl valerate, methyl hexanoate, ethyl acetate, ethyl proprionate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl valerate, ethyl hexanoate, propyl acetate, propyl propionate, propyl butyrate, propyl valerate, butyl acetate, butyl propionate, butyl butyrate, and mixtures thereof.
    [Claim 7] Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ester or esters of volatile fatty acids with chain lengths between 3 and 8 carbon atoms are obtained from volatile fatty acids of origin biomass and / or from alcohols of biomass origin.
    [Claim 8] Use according to one of the preceding claims, for reducing the emission of nitrogen oxides by petrol engines by at least 20% of the rate of incorporation of esters in petrol.
    [Claim 9] Use according to one of the preceding claims, for reducing the emission of unburned hydrocarbons by petrol engines by at least 20% of the rate of incorporation of esters in petrol.
    [Claim 10] Use according to one of the preceding claims, for reducing the emission of particles by petrol engines by at least 25% of the rate of incorporation of esters in petrol.
    [Claim 11] Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is combined with the use in gasoline of at least one alkane with a chain length between 4 and 10 carbon atoms.
    [Claim 12] Use according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the alkane (s) is (are) chosen from octane, iso-octane, decane and their mixtures.
    [Claim 13] Use according to one of claims 11 or 12, characterized in that the alkane or alkanes are of petroleum origin or obtained from a biomass.
    [Claim 14] Use according to one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the alkane (s) are used at a rate between 0 and 50% by volume of gasoline.
    [Claim 15] Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one or more other products are added to the gasoline, said products being chosen from: additives improving the octane number, additives improving lubrication,
    the products reducing temperatures combustion,thealcohols the esters with chain of carbon greater than 8,theethers,
    - and their mixtures.
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
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    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    FR2757539A1|1996-12-24|1998-06-26|Bioconversion|Motor fuel and heating fuel production from vegetable sources|
    EP0905217A1|1997-09-30|1999-03-31|Nippon Oil Co. Ltd.|Unleaded gasoline for direct injection gasoline engine|
    CN102585926B|2012-01-06|2013-10-23|西安市尚华科技开发有限责任公司|Application of methyl acetate to preparation of motor gasoline|
    WO2014168513A1|2013-04-09|2014-10-16|Закрытое Акционерное Общество "Ифохим"|Multifunctional additive for hydrocarbonaceous fuel and a fuel composition containing same|
    CN111171883A|2020-03-11|2020-05-19|中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所|Valerate diesel oil mixed fuel|
    CN111171884A|2020-03-11|2020-05-19|中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所|Valerate gasoline mixed fuel|
    法律状态:
    2019-07-23| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2020-01-31| PLSC| Search report ready|Effective date: 20200131 |
    2020-07-28| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2021-07-26| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1870872A|FR3084373B1|2018-07-27|2018-07-27|USE OF SPECIFIC VOLATILE FATTY ESTERS IN PETROL ENGINES TO REDUCE EMISSIONS|
    FR1870872|2018-07-27|FR1870872A| FR3084373B1|2018-07-27|2018-07-27|USE OF SPECIFIC VOLATILE FATTY ESTERS IN PETROL ENGINES TO REDUCE EMISSIONS|
    CA3107558A| CA3107558A1|2018-07-27|2019-07-26|Use of specific volatile fatty esters in petrol engines in order to reduce emissions|
    PCT/EP2019/070191| WO2020021070A1|2018-07-27|2019-07-26|Use of specific volatile fatty esters in petrol engines in order to reduce emissions|
    EP19755288.8A| EP3830226A1|2018-07-27|2019-07-26|Use of specific volatile fatty esters in petrol engines in order to reduce emissions|
    BR112021001413-6A| BR112021001413A2|2018-07-27|2019-07-26|use of specific volatile fatty esters in gasoline engines to reduce emissions|
    US17/263,474| US20210163838A1|2018-07-27|2019-07-26|Use of specific volatile fatty esters in petrol engines in order to reduce emissions|
    CN201980049935.XA| CN112639059A|2018-07-27|2019-07-26|Use of specific volatile fatty acid esters for reducing emissions in gasoline engines|
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